中國社區農園的空間分布特征、影響因素與發展建議分析

丁瀟穎，張玉坤，鄭婕
天津大學建筑學院，天津 300072，中國

摘要：近幾年，社區農園在我國諸多城市大量涌現并快速發展，研究其空間基本分布特征，剖析其影響因素，對把握社區農園分布現狀，推動社區農園健康有序發展具有重要意義。以文獻資料和網絡資源獲取的416個社區農園為樣本，采用地理信息系統（GIS）對社區農園的空間分布特征進行簡要分析，并基于GIS中的核密度分析法和疊置分析法探究影響社區農園空間分布的因素。研究發現：（1）我國社區農園空間分布的區域差異明顯，并已形成滬浙蘇、京津、川渝、珠三角以及臺北五大集聚片區；（2）影響社區農園發展的自然因素是降水量和溫度、社會因素是政策。研究認為社區農園的興起與當前倡導的生態文明建設的目標和“共建共治共享”的社會治理要求相契合，要發展社區農園還需從建立支持社區農園的政策以及采用合理的空間設計方面入手。
關鍵詞：社區農園；空間分布；影響因素；政策；設計

Analysis on the Spatial Distribution Characteristics, Influencing Factors and Development Suggestions of Community Gardens in China

DING Xiaoying, ZHANG Yukun, ZHENG Jie*
(School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

Abstract: In recent years, community gardens emerge in large numbers and develop rapidly in many cities in China. Studying its basic spatial distribution characteristics and profoundly analyzing its influencing factors, is of great significance for grasping the current status of community gardens and promoting its healthy and orderly development. Taking 416 community gardens selected by document literature and network resources as samples, the spatial distribution characteristics of community gardens are analyzed and utilized by geographic information system(GIS). And kernel density analysis method and superposition analysis method explore the influencing factors of community gardens development in China. The results are showed as follows: (1)The spatial distribution of community gardens clearly varies among different regions of China and five concentrated areas are found in Shanghai-Zhejiang-Jiangsu border area, Beijing-Tianjin border area, Sichuan-Chongqing border area, pearl river delta and Taipei. (2)The natural factors impacting the development of community gardens are precipitation and temperature, and the social factor is policy. The rise of community garden is corresponding to the goal of currently advocating ecological civilization construction and social governance requirement of “joint contribution, co-governance, and shared benefits”. To develop the community garden，it is necessary to establish supporting policy for community garden and applying reasonable design.
Keywords: Community Garden; Spatial Distribution; Influencing Factor; Policy; Design